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¸®´ª½ºÆÁ Go Unix Power Tools Online Book
Go Bash Guide
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Read No. 96 article |
2002-02-04 06:58:38 |
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Ç®ºñ´© |
Subject |
[°ÁÂ] ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÃÖÀûÈ - ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ ºÐ¼® ¹× È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î °ü¸®Çϱâ |
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[°ÁÂ] ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÃÖÀûÈ - ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ ºÐ¼® ¹× È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î °ü¸®Çϱâ
±Û¾´³¯ : 2000³â 2¿ù 22ÀÏ(È)
±Û¾´ÀÌ : ¹®ÅÂÁØ
(http://www.taejun.pe.kr, taejun at taejun.pe.kr, taejun at hitel.net)
Âü°íÀÚ·á
man syslogd.conf
man sysklogd
man logrotate
20¸¸ÅëÀÇ ÀüÀÚ¸ÞÀÏ°ú sendmail(¸¶¼Ò 99³â 5¿ù)Áß ·Î±× ÆÄÀÏ °ü¸®ºÎºÐ
±âŸ ¸®´ª½º ¹× À¯´Ð½º ½Ã½ºÅÛ °ü¸® °ü·Ã ¼Àû
0. µé¾î°¡¸ç
½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ ·Î±×ÀÎ, ¸ÞÀÏµî ¸ðµç ½Ã½ºÅÛ È°µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·Î±×¸¦ ±â·Ï
ÇÏ°í À̸¦ °¡Áö°í ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ºÐ¼®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ·Î±×°¡ ¾î¶² ½ÄÀ¸·Î ±â·ÏµÇ°í ¾î¶² Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö,
À̸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô È°¿ëÇؾßÇÒÁö ½Ã½ºÅÛ °ü¸®ÀÚ¶ó¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß
ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¼Ò±Ô¸ð·Î ¼¹ö¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ±×´ÙÁö ½Å°æÀ» ¾²´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.
±×·¸Áö¸¸ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¼ºñ½º°¡ ¸¹¾ÆÁö°í ±Ô¸ð°¡ Ä¿Áú °æ¿ì ¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ °÷¿¡
¼ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±â´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. ±×Áß Çϳª°¡ ¾öû³ª°Ô Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ·Î±×ÆÄÀϹ®Á¦
ÀÌ´Ù.
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sendmailÀº ÀüÀÚ¸ÞÀÏÀ» Àü¼ÛÇÏ¸é¼ ±× °á°ú ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¥ syslogd¸¦ ÀÌ¿ë
/var/log/maillog¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. (ÀÌ´Â ¼³Á¤¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù) ¶ÇÇÑ
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100M ÀÌ°í ÀÏÁÖÀÏÀ̸é 700MBÀÌ´Ù.
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96*0.2KB = 192kbÀÌ´Ù. 1000¸íÀ̹ǷΠ192MB°¡ µÇ°í ÀÏÁÖÀÏÀ̸é ÀÏ¿äÀÏÀ»
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¿¹»óµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡?
¿©±â¼¸¸ ³¡³ª´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. syslogd´Â maillog¸¦ ¿¾î³õ°í °è¼Ó ·Î±×
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³ª¿ÍÀÖÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¼ À̹ø ±âȸ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Á¤¸®Çغ¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù.
1. ½Ã½ºÅÛ ·Î±× ±â·Ï (syslog)
ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ ¼³Ä¡½Ã ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â ÆÐÅ°Áö°¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î
¼³Ä¡µÈ´Ù.
# rpm -qa | grep log
logrotate-3.3-1 --->> ·Î±× ·ÎÅ×ÀÌÆ®(¼øȯ)
sysklogd-1.3.31-12 --->> ½Ã½ºÅÛ ·Î±× ±â·Ï
# rpm -ql sysklogd
/etc/logrotate.d/syslog
/etc/rc.d/init.d/syslog
/etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K99syslog
/etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K99syslog
/etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S30syslog
/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S30syslog
/etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S30syslog
/etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K99syslog
/etc/syslog.conf --->> ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ
/sbin/klogd --->> Ä¿³Î ·Î±× ´ë¸ó
/sbin/syslogd --->> ½Ã½ºÅÛ ·Î±× ´ë¸ó
/usr/doc/sysklogd-1.3.31
/usr/doc/sysklogd-1.3.31/ANNOUNCE
/usr/doc/sysklogd-1.3.31/INSTALL
/usr/doc/sysklogd-1.3.31/NEWS
/usr/doc/sysklogd-1.3.31/README.1st
/usr/doc/sysklogd-1.3.31/README.linux
/usr/doc/sysklogd-1.3.31/Sysklogd-1.3.lsm
/usr/man/man5/syslog.conf.5
/usr/man/man8/klogd.8
/usr/man/man8/sysklogd.8
/usr/man/man8/syslogd.8
Âü°í·Î ¹®¼µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº »ç¿ë°ú °ü·ÃÇؼ´Â ±×´ÙÁö µµ¿òÀÌ
µÇÁö ¾Ê°í ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¸ÇÆäÀÌÁö°¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
# ps aux | head -n10
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.1 1168 56 ? S 14:07 0:05 init [3]
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW 14:07 0:00 [kflushd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW 14:07 0:00 [kupdate]
root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW 14:07 0:00 [kpiod]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW 14:07 0:05 [kswapd]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SW< 14:07 0:00
[mdrecoveryd]
root 285 0.0 0.5 1232 180 ? S 14:07 0:00 syslogd -
m 0
root 296 0.0 0.0 1464 0 ? SW 14:07 0:00 [klogd]
º¸Åë À§¿Í °°ÀÌ ·Î±× ´ë¸óÀº ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ºÎÆýà ÃÊâ±â¿¡ ½ÇÇàÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
±×·¯¸é °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú /etc/syslog.conf ¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ. syslodÀÇ ¼³Á¤ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
# cat /etc/syslog.conf
# Log all kernel messages to the console.
# Logging much else clutters up the screen.
#kern.*
/dev/console
# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none
/var/log/messages
# The authpriv file has restricted access.
authpriv.*
/var/log/secure
# Log all the mail messages in one place.
mail.*
/var/log/maillog
# Everybody gets emergency messages, plus log them on another
# machine.
*.emerg *
# Save mail and news errors of level err and higher in a
# special file.
uucp,news.crit
/var/log/spooler
# Save boot messages also to boot.log
local7.* /var/log/boot.log
¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ºó Çà°ú # À¸·Î ½ÃÀ۵Ǵ ÇàÀº ¹«½ÃµÈ´Ù.
(Âü°í·Î ¸®´ª½º´Â BSD Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ·Î±×¸¦ ±¸¼ºÇÑ´Ù)
¼³Á¤ÇàÀÇ ±¸Á¶´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
facility.level destination
facility´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³»´Â ¼ºê½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ À̸§À̸ç
level(priority)Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Á߿伺(¾ö°Ýµµ)À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
facility´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
auth, authpriv, cron, daemon, kern, lpr, mail, news, syslog,
user, uucp, local0 - local7
priority´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. (¾ö°Ýµµ°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Â ¼ø¼)
debug, info, notice, warning, warn (same as warning),
err, error (same as err), crit, alert, emerg,
panic (same as emerg)
°¢ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀº ¾Æ·¡¸¦ Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.
# man 3 syslog
facility
The facility argument is used to specify what type of pro
gram is logging the message. This lets the configuration
file specify that messages from different facilities will
be handled differently.
LOG_AUTH
security/authorization messages (DEPRECATED Use
LOG_AUTHPRIV instead)
LOG_AUTHPRIV
security/authorization messages (private)
LOG_CRON
clock daemon (cron and at)
LOG_DAEMON
other system daemons
LOG_KERN
kernel messages
LOG_LOCAL0 through LOG_LOCAL7
reserved for local use
LOG_LPR
line printer subsystem
LOG_MAIL
mail subsystem
LOG_NEWS
USENET news subsystem
LOG_SYSLOG
messages generated internally by syslogd
LOG_USER(default)
generic user-level messages
LOG_UUCP
UUCP subsystem
level
This determines the importance of the message. The levels
are, in order of decreasing importance:
LOG_EMERG
system is unusable
LOG_ALERT
action must be taken immediately
LOG_CRIT
critical conditions
LOG_ERR
error conditions
LOG_WARNING
warning conditions
LOG_NOTICE
normal, but significant, condition
LOG_INFO
informational message
LOG_DEBUG
debug-level message
auth ´ë½Å auth_priv¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ» ÃßõÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â
Àо¸é ½±°Ô ÀÌÇØ°¡ °¥ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Å©·Ð, ´ë¸ó, Ä¿³Î ¸Þ½ÃÁö,
·ÎÄÿ¡¼ »ç¿ë, ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ, ¸ÞÀÏ, ´º½º, syslog, »ç¿ëÀÚ Á¤ÀÇ,
UUCP. (auth´Â ·Î±×ÀÎ ÀÎÁõ ½Ã½ºÅÛ)
emerg : ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÆдÐ
alert : ¿¡·¯ °æ°í. Áï°¢ ¾Ë·Á¾ßÇÒ ³»¿ë
crit : Çϵå ÀåÄ¡ ¿¡·¯¿Í °°Àº ÀÓ°è ¿¡·¯(critical error)
err : ¿¡·¯
warn : °æ°í
notice : ºñÀÓ°è ¸Þ½ÃÁö
info : Á¤º¸ ¸Þ½ÃÁö
debug :¹®Á¦ ÃßÀûÀ» µ½´Â Ư¼ö Á¤º¸
¸¸¾à none À̶ó°í ÇÏ¸é ±×¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ðµç ·Î±× ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇ϶ó´Â ¶æÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
¸ðµç facility ³ª priority ¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ·Á¸é * ¸¦ ¾²¸é µÇ¸ç
¿©·¯°³¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ·Á¸é , ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
±×·±µ¥ ¿©±â¼ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¾ßÇÒ°ÍÀÌ priority¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¸é ±×¿Í
°¥Àº priorityºÎÅÍ ±× À§ÀÇ priority¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ·Î±×¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù´Â
°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¸¾à info ¸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çϸé emerg ºÎÅÍ info »çÀÌÀÇ ¸ðµç
·Î±×¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¿ä.
¸¸¾à ´ÜÀÏÇÑ priority¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ·Á¸é = ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
!´Â priority ¹üÀ§¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¿¹¸¦ Âü°íÇϼ¼¿ä.
** ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ syslogd´Â ¿ø·¡ BSD ¼Ò½º¿¡ ¸î°¡Áö ±â´ÉÀÌ Ãß°¡
µÇ¾ú´Ù. =, ! µîÀÌ ÀÌ¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù.
·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» ±â·ÏÀ¸·Î ³²±â´Â ¹æ½Ä¿¡´Â ¿©·¯°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
°¡Àå ¸ÕÀú ÆÄÀÏÇüÅÂ(/var/log/messages). named pipe.
Å͹̳ΰú ÄܼÖ(/dev/console). ¿ø°Ý ¸Ó½Å(@). »ç¿ëÀÚ.
·Î±×ÀÎÇÑ Àüü »ç¿ëÀÚ(*)
ÀÚ °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú /etc/syslog.conf ¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.
# cat /etc/syslog.conf
# Log all kernel messages to the console.
# Logging much else clutters up the screen.
kern.*
/dev/console
# ¸ðµç Ä¿³Î ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ÄַܼÎ.
# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none
/var/log/messages
# ¸ðµç info¸¦ messages¿¡ ±â·Ï. ¿©±â¼ mail, authpriv °ü·Ã ±â·ÏÀº Á¦¿Ü
# The authpriv file has restricted access.
authpriv.*
/var/log/secure
# ¸ðµç ·Î±×ÀÎ ÀÎÁõ °ü·Ã ±â·Ï. su, login µîÀ» ¸ðµÎ ¿©±â ±â·Ï
# Log all the mail messages in one place.
mail.*
/var/log/maillog
# ¸ðµç ¸ÞÀÏ ¸Þ½ÃÁö
# Everybody gets emergency messages, plus log them on another
# machine.
*.emerg *
# ºñ»ó ¸Þ½ÃÁö(emerg)´Â ÇöÀç ·Î±×ÀÎÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë¸²
# Save mail and news errors of level err and higher in a
# special file.
uucp,news.crit
/var/log/spooler
# uucp, news ÀÇ crit Á¤º¸ ±â·Ï
# Save boot messages also to boot.log
local7.* /var/log/boot.log
# ºÎÆ® ¸Þ½ÃÁö ±â·Ï
º¸Åë À§ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ ±¸¼ºÀÌ´Ù.
¾Æ¸¶ kernel ¸Þ½ÃÁö¿¡´Â ÁÖ¼®ÀÌ µÇ¾îÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î *.err /dev/tty8 ¸¦ Ãß°¡Çغ¸ÀÚ.
³î°íÀÖ´Â tty8 Äֿܼ¡¼ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç
¿¡·¯¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
*.* @taejun
ÀÌ°Ç ¸ðµç ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ taejun À̶ó´Â ¿ø°Ý È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼ ó¸®Çϵµ·Ï
ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¾î¶² °æ¿ì ÀÌ°Ô À¯¿ëÇÒ±î? ÀÌ°Ç Å¬·¯½ºÅ͸µÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ
½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ¾ÆÁÖ À¯¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç syslog ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ÇÑ´ëÀÇ
½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ¸ðÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸´Ï±ñ.
±×·¯¸é À§ÀÇ ±âº» ¼³Á¤¸»°í ¸î°¡Áö ¿¹¸¦ ´õ º¸ÀÚ.
# Store critical stuff in critical
#
*.=crit;kern.none /var/adm/critical
# Ä¿³ÎÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ¸ðµç crit ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö ±â·Ï
# (¿©±â¼ = ¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ÀÌÇØÇؾßÇÔ)
# Kernel messages are first, stored in the kernel
# file, critical messages and higher ones also go
# to another host and to the console
#
kern.* /var/adm/kernel
kern.crit @finlandia
kern.crit /dev/console
kern.info;kern.!err /var/adm/kernel-info
# Ä¿³Î °ü·Ã ¸ðµç ±â·ÏÀº kernel ÆÄÀÏ¿¡,
# Ä¿³Î¿¡¼ crit ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â´Â Äְܼú ¿ø°Ý È£½ºÆ®·Î.
# µÎ¹ø° ºÎºÐ(¿ø°Ý È£½ºÆ®)ÀÌ À¯¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀº ¸¸¾à ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ
# ºØ±«Çؼ µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ º¹±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¿¡·¯°¡ ³µ´õ¶óµµ
# ¿ø°Ý È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼ ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿øÀÎÀ»
# ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
# ÀÌÁ¦ ³×¹ø° ÁÙ. ÀÌ°Ç info ºÎÅÍ err ÀÌÀü ±×·¯´Ï±ñ
# info , notice, warn ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
# ·Î±× ¹üÀ§À» Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌÁö¿ä.
# The tcp wrapper loggs with mail.info, we display
# all the connections on tty12
#
mail.=info /dev/tty12
# mail.info¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ 12¹ø° Äֿܼ¡ ±â·Ï.
# Store all mail concerning stuff in a file
#
mail.*;mail.!=info /var/adm/mail
# mail.info ¸¸ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í ¸ðµç mail ¸Þ½ÃÁö.
# Log all mail.info and news.info messages to info
#
mail,news.=info /var/adm/info
# mail °ú newsÀÇ info ¸¸ ±â·Ï
# Log info and notice messages to messages file
#
*.=info;*.=notice;\
mail.none /var/log/messages
# info ¿Í notice ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ¸Þ½ÃÁö ±â·Ï.
# ¿©±â¼ mailÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¸ Á¦¿Ü.
# Log info messages to messages file
#
*.=info;\
mail,news.none /var/log/messages
# ¸ðµç info ¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸Þ½ÃÁö.
# ´Ü, ¸ÞÀÏ, ´º½ºÀÇ ¸ðµç ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â Á¦¿Ü
# Emergency messages will be displayed using wall
#
*.=emerg *
# ¸ðµç emergency ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ÇöÀç ·Î±×ÀÎÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô.
# ÀÌ´Â wall °ú °°´Ù.
# Messages of the priority alert will be directed
# to the operator
#
*.alert root,taejun
# ¸ðµç alert ÀÌ»ó ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ root ¿Í taejun »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô
*.* @taejun
# ¸ðµç ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ taejun À̶ó´Â ¿ø°Ý È£½ºÆ®·Î
# À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇß´ø °Íó·³ Ŭ·¯½ºÅ͸µ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼
# ¸ð¸¥ ·Î±× ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ÇÑ°÷¿¡ ±â·ÏÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì À¯¿ë
logger À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼´Â ½© ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼ syslog ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ë
¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
# logger -p authpriv.alert -t oh_no_login \
"ÅÂÁØÀÌ°¡ ÀÌ»óÇÑ °÷¿¡¼ ·Î±×ÀÎÇß¾î¿ä... ¿À¿Ê ÀÌ·±~~"
# tail -f secure
Feb 22 18:31:42 taejun oh_no_login: ÅÂÁØÀÌ°¡ ÀÌ»óÇÑ °÷¿¡¼
·Î±×ÀÎÇß¾î¿ä... ¿À¿Ê ÀÌ·±~~
Á» À¯Ä¡ÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌÁö¿ä????
Âü°í·Î /var/log/wtmp ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ë, last ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î
»ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ·Î±×Àΰú °ü·ÃµÈ ±â·ÏÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
À§ ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼ /var/log/¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ
¾î´ÀÁ¤µµ ¼³¸íÀ» ´Ù ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿©±â¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÌ
xferlog Àε¥ ÀÌ´Â ftp ¼¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù.
À§ ³»¿ëÀ» Âü°í·Î ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¼¹ö¿¡ ¸Â´Â ·Î±× ±â·ÏÀ» ¼³Á¤Çغ¸ÀÚ.
2. logrotate ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ·Î±× ÆÄÀÏ °ü¸®
¼¹®¿¡¼ ¸»À» ÇÑ´ë·Î ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¦´ë·Î °ü¸®ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é
´ëÇü ¼¹öÀÇ °æ¿ì ·Î±×ÆÄÀ϶§¹®¿¡ Çϵåµð½ºÅ© °ø°£ÀÌ ³²¾Æ³ªÁö
¾Ê°í ¶Ç ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ Ã³¸®·Î ¹ö¹÷°Å¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐ ·¹µåÇÞ ±â¹ÝÀÇ ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡¼´Â ±âº»À¸·Î ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
# rpm -qa | grep logrotate
logrotate-3.3-1
# rpm -ql logrotate
/etc/cron.daily/logrotate
/etc/logrotate.conf
/etc/logrotate.d
/usr/man/man8/logrotate.8
/usr/sbin/logrotate
logrotate´Â °è¼Ó Ä¿Áö´Â ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î
°ü¸®Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ·ÎÅ×À̼ÇÀ» ½ÃÄÑÁÖ°í, ¾ÐÃà, Á¦°Å, ¸ÞÀÏ·Î º¸³»Áֱ⠵îÀÇ
ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÑ´Ù.
Ãʱ⠸®´ª½º ¼³Ä¡½Ã ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î cron¿¡ Ãß°¡°¡ µÈ´Ù.
/etc/cron.daily/logrotate
³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
# cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate
#!/bin/sh
/usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf
À§¿¡¼ º¸¸é logrotate °¡ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ°í logrotate.conf°¡
¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À§¿¡¼ .conf ÆÄÀÏ´ë½Å ƯÁ¤ µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çϸé
±× ÇØ´ç µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÑ´Ù.
logrotate ¿¡ ¿©·¯°¡Áö ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±×´ÙÁö »ç¿ëÇÒ ÀÏÀº
¾øÀ» °Í °°´Ù. Ȥ½Ã³ª ±Ã±ÝÇϸé man À¸·Î È®ÀÎ.
¸ÕÀú rotate ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ¼³¸íÇÏ°Ú´Ù.
rotate 3 ¶ó¸é cron ·Î±×¶ó°í ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì.
/var/log µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ cronÀÌ Á¦ÀÏ Ã³À½ »ý¼ºµÇ°í
¼øȯ°£°Ý¸¶¸¶ ¿¹Àü cron Àº cron.1 ÀÌ, cron.1Àº cron.2,
cron.2 ´Â cron.3 À¸·Î µÈ´Ù. ±âÁ¸ÀÇ cron.3Àº »èÁ¦°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯´Ï±ñ »õ·Î »ý¼ºÇÑ ¸ÞÀϷα׿ܿ¡ ÀÌÀüÀÇ ·Î±×¸¦ 3°³±îÁö ±â·Ï
ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀÚ ±×·¯¸é ÀÌÁ¦ ¼³Á¤ÆÄÀÏÀ» Çѹø »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.
# cat /etc/logrotate.conf
# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly
# ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÏÁÖÀϸ¶´Ù ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼øȯ½ÃÅ´
# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4
# ÀÌÀü ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» 4ÁÖµ¿¾È °£Á÷.
# À§¿¡¼ ¼øȯ°£°ÝÀ» 1ÁÖÀÏ·Î ÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î.
# send errors to root
errors root
# ¿¡·¯°¡ »ý±æ°æ¿ì root ¿¡°Ô ¸ÞÀÏ·Î.
# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create
# ¿¹Àü ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼øȯ½ÃŲÈÄ »õ·Î¿î ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ »ý¼º
# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed
#compress
# gzip À» ÀÌ¿ë ¾ÐÃàÇÑ´Ù.
# RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory
include /etc/logrotate.d
# /etc/logrotate.d ÆÄÀÏ ¶Ç´Â µð·ºÅ丮 ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀоîµéÀδÙ.
# Âü°í·Î ÇÊÀÚÀÇ ¼¹ö¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ±âº»¼³Á¤ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
# ls /etc/logrotate.d
# apache cron ftpd named samba squid syslog
# ¿©±â¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ syslog´Â messages, secure, maillog, spooler,
# bootlog ·Î ±¸¼º
# no packages own lastlog or wtmp -- we'll rotate them here
/var/log/wtmp {
monthly
create 0664 root utmp
rotate 1
}
# ¸Å¿ù¸¶´Ù ¼øȯ½ÃÅ´
# create ´Â ¼øȯÈÄ Áï½Ã (postrotate ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°±âÀü¿¡)
# ·Î±× ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. µÚ¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ postrotate´Â
# ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼øȯÇÑÈÄ ÁøÇàÇÒ ÀÛ¾÷À» ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
# 0664 ´Â »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Çã°¡±Ç, root ´Â ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ, utmp ´Â ±×·ì
# rotate 1 Àº À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ °³º°ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤Çϸé
# Ãʱ⿡ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ weekly ´Â ¹«½ÃµÇ °³º° ¼³Á¤À» µû¸¥´Ù
# ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿©±â¿¡¼´Â ÀÌÀüÀÇ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÌ 1°³¸¸ ³²À»°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
# (¿øº» Á¦¿Ü)
# Âü°í·Î ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î syslog¿¡¼´Â 600À¸·Î Çã°¡±ÇÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
# ´Ù¸¥ ´©±¸µµ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ¸é ¾ÈµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
/var/log/lastlog {
monthly
rotate 1
}
# system-specific logs may be configured here
ÀÌÁ¦ ¸î°¡Áö ÁÖ¿äÇÑ ¿É¼Ç¿¡ ´ëÇؼ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.
¤· ¼øȯÇÒ ±â°£ ¼³Á¤ : daily, weekly, monthly µî
¿©±â¿¡ size ¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Å©±â±îÁö ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Á¢¼ÓÀÌ ¸¹¾Æ¼ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¾öû³ª°Ô ´Ã¾î³ª´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â
size(±âº» kilobytes)¸¦ ÀÌ¿ë Á¦¾îÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
size 100k(= size 100)
¤· ¾ÐÃ༳Á¤ : compress
gzipÀ¸·Î ÀÌÀü ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾ÐÃàÇÑ´Ù.
°ø°£À» Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ¾ø¾Ö·Á¸é ÁÖ¼®À» ´ÞµçÁö ¾Æ´Ï¸é
nocompress(±âº»°ª) »ç¿ë
¤· ¸ÞÀϼ³Á¤ : error, mail
error taejun -> ¿¡·¯¸¦ taejun À̶ó´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô º¸³¿
mail taejun -> ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼øȯ½ÃÅ°°í ³ªÁß¿¡ »èÁ¦ÇؾßÇÒ¶§
»èÁ¦ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¸ÞÀÏ·Î º¸³»´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¤· ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ »ý¼º
create mode owner group (±âº»°ª)
À§¿¡¼ »ç¿ë¿¹´Â ¼³¸íÇß´Ù. create ¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¸é ¼øȯÈÄ ·Î±×
ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë´Â nocreate
¤· ¼øȯ°£°Ý : rotate count
ÀÌÀü ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »èÁ¦µÇ°Å³ª ¸ÞÀÏ·Î º¸³»±âÀü¿¡ ¼øȯÀ» ÇÒ
Ƚ¼ö ÁöÁ¤. ¿©±â¼ 0À¸·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¸é ¿¹Àü ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀº
¹«Á¶°Ç »èÁ¦µÈ´Ù.
¤· ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì : missingok, nomissingok
·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é ±âº»Àº ¿¡·¯¸¦ ³½´Ù(nomissingok, ±âº»°ª).
missingok ¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¸é ¾ø´õ¶óµµ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ³»Áö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¤· ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì(ºñ¾îÀÖÀ»°æ¿ì)
±âº»Àº ifempty·Î ³»¿ëÀÌ ºñ¾ú¾îµµ ¼øȯÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.
¼øȯÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÏ·Á¸é notifempty ¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
¤· ¼øȯÈÄ ÀÛ¾÷ : postrotate/endscript
¼øȯÇϱâÀü ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÏ·Á¸é prerotate/endscript
¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¼øȯÈÄ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸ÞÀÏ°ü·Ã ·Î±×¸¦ »õ·Î »ý¼ºÇßÀ¸¸é syslogd¸¦
´Ù½Ã °¡µ¿½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·±°ÍµéÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.
¤· ÆÄÀÏ ¶Ç´Â µð·ºÅ丮 Æ÷ÇÔ : include
´Ù¸¥ ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª µð·ºÅ丮¾ÈÀÇ ÆÄÀÏÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ °æ¿ì
ÀÚ ÀÌ¿¡ À§ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» Åä´ë·Î ¸ÞÀÏÀÇ ·Î±×¸¦ Á¶Á¤Çغ¸ÀÚ.
¿©±â¼´Â /etc/logrotate.d/syslog ¿¡¼ ¸ÞÀϼ¹öÀÇ
·Î±×¸¸ µû·Î 󸮸¦ Çغ¸°Ú´Ù.
# vi /etc/logrotate.d/maillog
weekly
size 500k
rotate 4
compress
errors admin
mail admin
nomissingok
create 0644 root root
/var/log/maillog {
postrotate
/usr/bin/killall -HUP syslogd
endscript
}
/var/log/messages {
postrotate
/usr/bin/killall -HUP syslogd
endscript
}
À§ÀÇ ¿¹Á¦´Â ±×³É Âü°í·Î ¸¸µç °ÍÀ̹ǷΠµû¶óÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù.
¸ÅÁÖ¸¶´Ù Çѹø½Ä ¼øȯ½ÃÅ°°í Å©±â°¡ 500k°¡ ³ÑÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çϸç
¼øȯÇÑ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾ÐÃàÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¡·¯¸¦ admin À̶ó´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô
º¸³»°í ¼øȯÈÄ »èÁ¦ÇÒ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸ÞÀÏ·Î admin ¿¡°Ô º¸³½´Ù.
¸¸¾à ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¿¡·¯¸¦ ³»¸ç ¼øȯÈÄ ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ý¼º½ÃÅ°°í
ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸ðµå´Â 0644 ·Î ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ¿Í ±×·ìÀº root ·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
¼ºñ½ºÀÇ ±Ô¸ð¿¡ µû¶ó ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼øȯÇÒ Áֱ⸦ ´õ ª°Ô Àâ¾Æ¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù. Å©±â¸¦ ÁöÁ¤Çϴ°ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯¸ð·Î È¿À²ÀûÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
3. ¸¶Ä¡¸ç
¿©±â±îÁö Àоú´Ù¸é ´ë·« ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ·Î±×°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀÛ¼ºµÇ°í
¾î¶»°Ô °ü¸®¸¦ ÇؾßÇÒÁö °¨À» Àâ¾ÒÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ³ª»Ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Å¿ÇÏÁö Àü¿¡ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª
½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ »óŸ¦ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î Á¡°ËÇÏ°í ÃÖÀûÈÇÏ´ÂÁö°¡
Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
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