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  ¸®´ª½ºÆÁ  Go Unix Power Tools Online Book Go Bash Guide
Read No. 28 article 2001-08-14 08:21:13
NickName   Ç®ºñ´©
Subject   ±âº» ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼­ºñ½º



±âº» ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼­ºñ½º


  1. inetd daemon

    ÀÌÀüÀÇ Unix´Â ¸¹Àº ¼­¹ö ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ ºñ·Ï ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ Á¢¼ÓÀÌ ¾ø´õ¶óµµ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ» ÇѾøÀÌ ±â´Ù¸®¸ç ±ÍÁßÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ÀÚ¿øÀ» ¼ÒºñÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °á°úÀûÀ¸·Î »ý°Ü³­ °ÍÀÌ /etc/inetd¶ó´Â Internet DaemonÀÌ °³¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿¡¸¸ TCP±â¹ÝÀ̳ª, UDP±â¹ÝÀÇ Àû´çÇÑ ¼­¹ö¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù.

    inet´Â booting½Ã¿¡ ½ÇÇàµÇ¸ç ½ÇÇà½Ã etc/inetd.confÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ¿© ¾î¶² network service¸¦ °ø±ÞÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ined.confÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀÌ´Ù.

    <pre> ftp stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/ftpd ftpd telnet stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/telnetd telnetd shell stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/rshd rshd login stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/rlogind rlogind exec stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/rexecd rexecd uucp stream tcp nowait root /usr/etc/uucpd uucpd finger stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/etc/fingerd fingerd talk dgram udp wait root /usr/etc/talkd talkd time stream tcp nowait root internal tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/etc/tftpd tftpd</pre>

    °¢ fieldÀÇ Àǹ̴ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

    <pre> ftp Service name stream Socket Type(stream, datagram) tcp Protocol Type(Tcp, Udp) nowait ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ tcp ¼­ºñ½º´Â nowait, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ udp¼­ºñ½º´Â wait root »ç¿ëÀÚ(¼­¹ö ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ ½ÇÇà½Ãų¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ) /usr/etc/ftpd ftpd Command name°ú arguments internalÀº inetd¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇàµÊÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. </pre>
  2. FTP(File Transfer Protocol)

    FTP´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ½Ã½ºÅÛ°£ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÆÄÀÏ Àü¼ÛÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. Unix¿¡¼­´Â ftp´Â client ½ÇÇà ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̸ç, /etc/ftpd´Â server ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù. ÁÖ·Î TCP Port 21ÀÌ ¸í·É Àü¼Û¿¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

    ¸¸¾à FTP¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© remote machine¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÑ´Ù¸é remote machineÀº ·Î±×ÀÎÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ ·Î±×ÀÎ Á¤º¸´Â /usr/adm/wtmp ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù.

  3. TELNET

    TelnetÀ̶õ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ remote computer¿¡ login Çϵµ·Ï ÇØ ÁÖ´Â ¼­ºñ½ºÀÌ´Ù. TelnetÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô °¡»ó Å͹̳ÎÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. Unix¿¡¼­ÀÇ client ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº # telnet [È£½ºÆ® ÁÖ¼Ò]À̸ç server ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº telnetdÀÌ´Ù.

    TelnetÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿ø°Ý ¸Ó½Å¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ´Â È­¸éÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.

    <pre> # telnet evol Trying... connected evol Escape character is '^]' login : evol password : ********</pre>
  4. SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

    SMTP¶õ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ °£ÀÇ ÀüÀÚ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³»´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý Ç¥ÁØÀÌ´Ù. Unix¿¡¼­´Â /usr/lib/sendmailÀÌ client¿Í server¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ±¸ÇöÇÑ´Ù. sendmailÀÇ ¼³Á¤Àº sendmail.cfÀ¸·Î ÇÑ´Ù. TCP Port 25.

  5. DNS(Domain Name System)

    È£½ºÆ® À̸§À¸·Î IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °áÁ¤ÇØ Áְųª IPÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© È£½ºÆ® À̸§À» °áÁ¤ÇØ ÁÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. Unix¿¡¼­ DNS´Â /etc/resolv.confÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±¸ÇöµÈ´Ù.

  6. Finger

    finger ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº µÎ°¡Áö »ç¿ë¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. argument ¾øÀÌ finger¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé ÇöÀç ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÑ ¸ðµç »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ username, full name, location, login name°ú °°Àº Á¤º¸¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ±×¸®°í name argument¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© finger¸í·É¾î¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº /etc/passwd ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ name°ú °°Àº first name, last name, usernameÀ» °¡Áø ¸ðµç »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ã¾ÆÁØ´Ù. finger´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î local machine¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö¸¸ remote machine¿¡¼­ ·Î±×ÀÎÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ Á¤º¸µµ ¾Ë¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. TCP port 79

  7. HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol)

    WWW(World Wide Web)¿¡¼­ ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹®¼­¸¦ ¿äûÇÏ°í ¹Þ´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÌ´Ù. HTTP´Â ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. client°¡ ¼­¹ö¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇؼ­ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϸé tjqjsms HTML(HyperText Markup Language)À̳ª Plain ASCIIÀÇ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¹®¼­·Î ȸ´äÇÑ´Ù. TCP Port 80.

  8. rlogin and rsh

    rlogin°ú rlogind´Â telnet°ú °°Àº remote terminal ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. rloginÀº clientÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̸ç rlogind´Â ¼­¹ö´Ù. telnet°ú rloginÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

      rlogind´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ »ç¿ëÀÚÀ̸§À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚÀ̸§Àº ¿¬°á ½ÃÀ۽ÿ¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î Àü¼ÛµÈ´Ù.

      "trusted host"¿¡¼­ "trusted user"°¡ Á¢¼Ó½Ã¿¡´Â Æнº¿öµå¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ·Î±×ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

    rsh, rshd´Â rlogin, rlogind¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù. rlogin, rlogindÀÇ TCP Port´Â 513, rsh, rshdÀÇ TCP Port´Â 514.

  9. NIS

    NIS´Â Sun¿¡¼­ ¹èÆ÷µÈ network lookup serviceÀ̸ç, ¸î°³ÀÇ master nodeµé·Î ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ º¹»çÇÏ´Â database¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¢ master node´Â database¸¦ À§ÇÑ server process¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϸç ÀÌ°ÍÀº NIS server·Î ³ªÅ¸³»¾îÁø´Ù. muntiple server´Â database ÀÏÄ¡¸¦ º¸ÀåÇϱâ À§ÇØ ±×µé ½º½º·Î ¼öÁ¤µÈ database¸¦ ÆÛÆ®¸°´Ù. ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ »óÅ¿¡¼­, ¾î´À server process°¡ client request¿¡ ´äÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â serverµéÀÇ ´ë´äÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº network´ç multiple server°¡ ³ôÀº À¯È¿¼º°ú ½Å·Ú¼ºÀÇ NIS service¸¦ ÁְԵȴÙ. NIS DomainÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ NIS database¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ network»ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ nodeµéÀÇ ÁýÇÕÀÌ´Ù. NIS domainµéÀº internet domainµé°ú sendmail domainµé·Î ºÎÅÍ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¼³Á¤µÉ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. NIS domainname directory´Â mapÁýÇÕµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â /var/yp¾ÈÀÇ directoryÀÌ´Ù. NIS server´Â /var/ypÀÇ subdirectory¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â NIS domainÀÇ ¸ðµç mapµéÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é, sunse domainÀ» À§ÇÑ mapµéÀº /var/yp/sunse¾È¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. domain nameÀº NIS database·ÎºÎÅÍ data¸¦ °Ë»öÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. network»ó¿¡¼­ÀÇ °¢ machineÀº /etc/defaultdomain·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ default domain¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ°í /etc/rc.local¸¦ booting½Ã ÂüÁ¶ÇÑ´Ù. domain nameÀº server¿Í clientµé ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. °¢ NIS mapÀº ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °ªµé°ú ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬°üµÈ keyµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀº ÀÌ·± °ªµéÀ» Á¶»çÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐ ÇöÀç mapµéÀº ÀüÅëÀûÀ¸·Î /etc directory¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â ASCII fileµé·Î ºÎÅÍ ÃßÃâµÈ´Ù. NIS mapÀÇ Á¤º¸´Â ASCII file¾ÈÀÇ data¿Í À¯»çÇÏÁö¸¸ dbm formatÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöµÈ´Ù. ¸ðµç dbm fileµé¿¡¼­, ÇϳªÀÇ NIS mapÀº ±¸ºÐÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â mapnameÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, µÎ°³ÀÇ È­ÀÏÀÎ mapname.dir°ú mapname.pag¸¦ º¸ÃæÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é, hosts.bynameÀº internet address¸¦ ã±â À§ÇØ machineµé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÂüÁ¶µÈ´Ù. hosts.byname database¸¦ À§ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â hosts.byname.pag¿Í hosts.byname.dirÀÎ µÎÈ­ÀϾȿ¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù. .pag·Î ³¡³ª´Â È­ÀÏÀº ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ map entryµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

  10. NFS

    disk ¿µ¿ªÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í fileÀÇ access¸¦ °ü¸®Çϱ⵵ ÇÏ´Â µîÀÇ ÀÏÀº OSÀÇ filesystemÀÌ ´ã´çÇÏ´ø °ÍÀε¥ ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ filesystemÀÌ ÇÏ´ø ÀÛ¾÷À» networkÀ» ÃÊ¿ùÇؼ­ ¿©·¯´ëÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô²û ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î NFSÀÌ´Ù.

    NFS´Â local file systemÀÌ ÀÖ´Â directory¿¡¼­ remote system»óÀÇ directory¿Í ³í¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿¬°á(mount)ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇØÁØ´Ù. ÀÏ´Ü ±× Á¢¼Ó(mount)°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸é local disk¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î remote disk¸¦ ÀüÇô Â÷ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ accessÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ³ª applicationÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ accessÇÏ·Á´Â È­ÀÏÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¾î´À ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¸¦ ÀǽÄÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù. NFS Á¢¼Ó ¹æ½ÄÀº local diskÀÇ filesystemÀÌ "UFS(4.2)" typeÀ¸·Î mountµÇµíÀÌ remote diskÀÇ filesystem or directory¸¦ "nfs" typeÀ¸·Î mountÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

    NFS´Â server-client model·Î ±¸ÇöµÇ¸ç local disk¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô²û Çã¿ëÇØ ÁÖ´Â ÂÊ, Áï exportÇØ ÁÖ´Â ÂÊÀ» "nfs server"¶ó ÇÏ°í remote disk¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á ÇÏ´Â ÂÊ, Áï nfs mountÇÏ·Á´Â ÂÊÀ» "nfs client"¶ó ÇÑ´Ù.

    NFS¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÁ¡ Áß 'diskÀÇ Àý¾à'ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ¶È °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â fileµéÀ» °¢ ½Ã½ºÅÛ disk¸¶´Ù ÀúÀåÇØ ³õÁö ¾Ê°í ÇÑ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¸¸ ÀúÀåÇØ ³õ°í NFS mountÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ±×¸¸Å­ disk¸¦ Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀְԵȴÙ.

    óÀ½¿¡´Â Sun workstationµéÀÌ disk¸¦ °øÀ¯Çϱâ À§ÇØ °³¹ßÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ ¿äÁîÀ½Àº ±âÁ¾¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ ¶Ç ¿©·¯ OS¿¡ ±¸ÇöµÇµµ·Ï ¼³°èµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¹Àº vendorµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇØ NFS¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

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